Why is initializing a string in an if statement seem different than in a switch statement?












10














I'm learning Java and I'm making simple programs to find the season that a month is in, based off some book examples. These two classes demonstrate two ways of testing a value: if/else if statement, and switch statement. The thing i'm confused with is the string that is used to hold the season. When I declare it as just String season; it works with the if statements. But with the switch statement, doing that produces a "The local variable season may not have been initialized" error.



public class IfElse {
public static void main(String args) {
int month = 5;
String season;
// isn't initialized, works fine

if(month == 12 || month == 1 || month == 2)
season = "Winter";
else if(month == 3 || month == 4 || month == 5)
season = "Spring";
else if(month == 6 || month == 7 || month == 8)
season = "Summer";
else
season = "Fall";

// this is okay
System.out.println("May is a " + season + " month.");
}
}


Not initializing season at the same time as declaration works fine for the above code, but the season variable in the last println() for the switch produces an error if it's declared the same way.



The following code doesn't work:



public class Switch {
public static void main(String args) {
int month = 5;
String season;
// HAS to be initialized, currently causes error
switch(month) {
case(12):
case(1):
case(2):
season = "Winter";
break;
case(3):
case(4):
case(5):
season = "Spring";
break;
case(6):
case(7):
case(8):
season = "Summer";
break;
case(9):
case(10):
case(11):
season = "Fall";
break;

default:
System.out.println("Invalid month");
break;
}
System.out.println("May is a " + season + " month");
} // produces an error if season isn't initialized to null or ""
}


What causes this? Is it the braces enclosing the switch statement, or a problem with the switch statement itself? How is initializing a string inside an if statement any different than initializing it inside a switch statement? I just can't seem to understand this.



Sorry if this is extremely obvious or if it seems like a dumb question.










share|improve this question









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  • In the code that doesn't work, which season is month 13?
    – immibis
    2 hours ago
















10














I'm learning Java and I'm making simple programs to find the season that a month is in, based off some book examples. These two classes demonstrate two ways of testing a value: if/else if statement, and switch statement. The thing i'm confused with is the string that is used to hold the season. When I declare it as just String season; it works with the if statements. But with the switch statement, doing that produces a "The local variable season may not have been initialized" error.



public class IfElse {
public static void main(String args) {
int month = 5;
String season;
// isn't initialized, works fine

if(month == 12 || month == 1 || month == 2)
season = "Winter";
else if(month == 3 || month == 4 || month == 5)
season = "Spring";
else if(month == 6 || month == 7 || month == 8)
season = "Summer";
else
season = "Fall";

// this is okay
System.out.println("May is a " + season + " month.");
}
}


Not initializing season at the same time as declaration works fine for the above code, but the season variable in the last println() for the switch produces an error if it's declared the same way.



The following code doesn't work:



public class Switch {
public static void main(String args) {
int month = 5;
String season;
// HAS to be initialized, currently causes error
switch(month) {
case(12):
case(1):
case(2):
season = "Winter";
break;
case(3):
case(4):
case(5):
season = "Spring";
break;
case(6):
case(7):
case(8):
season = "Summer";
break;
case(9):
case(10):
case(11):
season = "Fall";
break;

default:
System.out.println("Invalid month");
break;
}
System.out.println("May is a " + season + " month");
} // produces an error if season isn't initialized to null or ""
}


What causes this? Is it the braces enclosing the switch statement, or a problem with the switch statement itself? How is initializing a string inside an if statement any different than initializing it inside a switch statement? I just can't seem to understand this.



Sorry if this is extremely obvious or if it seems like a dumb question.










share|improve this question









New contributor




jkofskie is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
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  • In the code that doesn't work, which season is month 13?
    – immibis
    2 hours ago














10












10








10







I'm learning Java and I'm making simple programs to find the season that a month is in, based off some book examples. These two classes demonstrate two ways of testing a value: if/else if statement, and switch statement. The thing i'm confused with is the string that is used to hold the season. When I declare it as just String season; it works with the if statements. But with the switch statement, doing that produces a "The local variable season may not have been initialized" error.



public class IfElse {
public static void main(String args) {
int month = 5;
String season;
// isn't initialized, works fine

if(month == 12 || month == 1 || month == 2)
season = "Winter";
else if(month == 3 || month == 4 || month == 5)
season = "Spring";
else if(month == 6 || month == 7 || month == 8)
season = "Summer";
else
season = "Fall";

// this is okay
System.out.println("May is a " + season + " month.");
}
}


Not initializing season at the same time as declaration works fine for the above code, but the season variable in the last println() for the switch produces an error if it's declared the same way.



The following code doesn't work:



public class Switch {
public static void main(String args) {
int month = 5;
String season;
// HAS to be initialized, currently causes error
switch(month) {
case(12):
case(1):
case(2):
season = "Winter";
break;
case(3):
case(4):
case(5):
season = "Spring";
break;
case(6):
case(7):
case(8):
season = "Summer";
break;
case(9):
case(10):
case(11):
season = "Fall";
break;

default:
System.out.println("Invalid month");
break;
}
System.out.println("May is a " + season + " month");
} // produces an error if season isn't initialized to null or ""
}


What causes this? Is it the braces enclosing the switch statement, or a problem with the switch statement itself? How is initializing a string inside an if statement any different than initializing it inside a switch statement? I just can't seem to understand this.



Sorry if this is extremely obvious or if it seems like a dumb question.










share|improve this question









New contributor




jkofskie is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.











I'm learning Java and I'm making simple programs to find the season that a month is in, based off some book examples. These two classes demonstrate two ways of testing a value: if/else if statement, and switch statement. The thing i'm confused with is the string that is used to hold the season. When I declare it as just String season; it works with the if statements. But with the switch statement, doing that produces a "The local variable season may not have been initialized" error.



public class IfElse {
public static void main(String args) {
int month = 5;
String season;
// isn't initialized, works fine

if(month == 12 || month == 1 || month == 2)
season = "Winter";
else if(month == 3 || month == 4 || month == 5)
season = "Spring";
else if(month == 6 || month == 7 || month == 8)
season = "Summer";
else
season = "Fall";

// this is okay
System.out.println("May is a " + season + " month.");
}
}


Not initializing season at the same time as declaration works fine for the above code, but the season variable in the last println() for the switch produces an error if it's declared the same way.



The following code doesn't work:



public class Switch {
public static void main(String args) {
int month = 5;
String season;
// HAS to be initialized, currently causes error
switch(month) {
case(12):
case(1):
case(2):
season = "Winter";
break;
case(3):
case(4):
case(5):
season = "Spring";
break;
case(6):
case(7):
case(8):
season = "Summer";
break;
case(9):
case(10):
case(11):
season = "Fall";
break;

default:
System.out.println("Invalid month");
break;
}
System.out.println("May is a " + season + " month");
} // produces an error if season isn't initialized to null or ""
}


What causes this? Is it the braces enclosing the switch statement, or a problem with the switch statement itself? How is initializing a string inside an if statement any different than initializing it inside a switch statement? I just can't seem to understand this.



Sorry if this is extremely obvious or if it seems like a dumb question.







java string if-statement switch-statement






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edited 1 hour ago





















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asked 4 hours ago









jkofskie

535




535




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Check out our Code of Conduct.












  • In the code that doesn't work, which season is month 13?
    – immibis
    2 hours ago


















  • In the code that doesn't work, which season is month 13?
    – immibis
    2 hours ago
















In the code that doesn't work, which season is month 13?
– immibis
2 hours ago




In the code that doesn't work, which season is month 13?
– immibis
2 hours ago












4 Answers
4






active

oldest

votes


















12














That is because you did not specify what season has to be in the default case. What happens when month is not within 1-12? season will not be initialized.



if you are expecting strictly only 1-12 as month input, then you might want to consider throwing an Exception in default:



default:
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid month");





share|improve this answer



















  • 3




    And to point out a small bug in the question askers if/else implementation, the else will set any invalid month to Fall. If month was set to 42, it would print Fall.
    – DrZoo
    4 hours ago










  • @DrZoo that is correct
    – mkjh
    4 hours ago






  • 1




    @DrZoo You're completely right. I did that out of laziness because I knew I would never set the month value out of range, but that also meant that there would never be a situation where season is uninitialized. Changing the else to an else if also gave me the same error as in the switch statement. So I now realize my problem was with when the variable is (or isn't) being given a value.
    – jkofskie
    4 hours ago



















3














In your first example, there is no path through the code that fails to assign a value to 'season'. In the second example, the default case does not assign a value, so the last print ("May is...") can be executed with an uninitialized value.






share|improve this answer





















  • Yeah, for some reason I subconsciously assumed that would only be an issue if the value for month was actually out of the defined range, but I forgot Java doesn't work like that.
    – jkofskie
    3 hours ago



















1














In your if/else code, there is an assurance that the variable season will get a value. That is, the else statement.



Your switch code does not have it. Look what will happen to the variable season if the given value for month is 13 -- it will not get a value, and will remain un-initialised.






share|improve this answer





























    0














    You should use this



    public class Switch {
    public static void main(String args) {
    int month = 5;
    String season;
    // HAS to be initialized, currently causes error
    switch(month) {
    case 12:
    case 1:
    case 2:
    season = "Winter";
    break;
    case 3:
    case 4:
    case 5:
    season = "Spring";
    break;
    case 6 :
    case 7 :
    case 8 :
    season = "Summer";
    break;
    case 9 :
    case 10 :
    case 11 :
    season = "Fall";
    break;

    default:
    season = "Invalid";
    break;
    }
    System.out.println("May is a " + season + " month");
    } // produces an error if season isn't initialized to null or ""
    }





    share|improve this answer








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      4 Answers
      4






      active

      oldest

      votes








      4 Answers
      4






      active

      oldest

      votes









      active

      oldest

      votes






      active

      oldest

      votes









      12














      That is because you did not specify what season has to be in the default case. What happens when month is not within 1-12? season will not be initialized.



      if you are expecting strictly only 1-12 as month input, then you might want to consider throwing an Exception in default:



      default:
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid month");





      share|improve this answer



















      • 3




        And to point out a small bug in the question askers if/else implementation, the else will set any invalid month to Fall. If month was set to 42, it would print Fall.
        – DrZoo
        4 hours ago










      • @DrZoo that is correct
        – mkjh
        4 hours ago






      • 1




        @DrZoo You're completely right. I did that out of laziness because I knew I would never set the month value out of range, but that also meant that there would never be a situation where season is uninitialized. Changing the else to an else if also gave me the same error as in the switch statement. So I now realize my problem was with when the variable is (or isn't) being given a value.
        – jkofskie
        4 hours ago
















      12














      That is because you did not specify what season has to be in the default case. What happens when month is not within 1-12? season will not be initialized.



      if you are expecting strictly only 1-12 as month input, then you might want to consider throwing an Exception in default:



      default:
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid month");





      share|improve this answer



















      • 3




        And to point out a small bug in the question askers if/else implementation, the else will set any invalid month to Fall. If month was set to 42, it would print Fall.
        – DrZoo
        4 hours ago










      • @DrZoo that is correct
        – mkjh
        4 hours ago






      • 1




        @DrZoo You're completely right. I did that out of laziness because I knew I would never set the month value out of range, but that also meant that there would never be a situation where season is uninitialized. Changing the else to an else if also gave me the same error as in the switch statement. So I now realize my problem was with when the variable is (or isn't) being given a value.
        – jkofskie
        4 hours ago














      12












      12








      12






      That is because you did not specify what season has to be in the default case. What happens when month is not within 1-12? season will not be initialized.



      if you are expecting strictly only 1-12 as month input, then you might want to consider throwing an Exception in default:



      default:
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid month");





      share|improve this answer














      That is because you did not specify what season has to be in the default case. What happens when month is not within 1-12? season will not be initialized.



      if you are expecting strictly only 1-12 as month input, then you might want to consider throwing an Exception in default:



      default:
      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid month");






      share|improve this answer














      share|improve this answer



      share|improve this answer








      edited 4 hours ago

























      answered 4 hours ago









      mkjh

      689417




      689417








      • 3




        And to point out a small bug in the question askers if/else implementation, the else will set any invalid month to Fall. If month was set to 42, it would print Fall.
        – DrZoo
        4 hours ago










      • @DrZoo that is correct
        – mkjh
        4 hours ago






      • 1




        @DrZoo You're completely right. I did that out of laziness because I knew I would never set the month value out of range, but that also meant that there would never be a situation where season is uninitialized. Changing the else to an else if also gave me the same error as in the switch statement. So I now realize my problem was with when the variable is (or isn't) being given a value.
        – jkofskie
        4 hours ago














      • 3




        And to point out a small bug in the question askers if/else implementation, the else will set any invalid month to Fall. If month was set to 42, it would print Fall.
        – DrZoo
        4 hours ago










      • @DrZoo that is correct
        – mkjh
        4 hours ago






      • 1




        @DrZoo You're completely right. I did that out of laziness because I knew I would never set the month value out of range, but that also meant that there would never be a situation where season is uninitialized. Changing the else to an else if also gave me the same error as in the switch statement. So I now realize my problem was with when the variable is (or isn't) being given a value.
        – jkofskie
        4 hours ago








      3




      3




      And to point out a small bug in the question askers if/else implementation, the else will set any invalid month to Fall. If month was set to 42, it would print Fall.
      – DrZoo
      4 hours ago




      And to point out a small bug in the question askers if/else implementation, the else will set any invalid month to Fall. If month was set to 42, it would print Fall.
      – DrZoo
      4 hours ago












      @DrZoo that is correct
      – mkjh
      4 hours ago




      @DrZoo that is correct
      – mkjh
      4 hours ago




      1




      1




      @DrZoo You're completely right. I did that out of laziness because I knew I would never set the month value out of range, but that also meant that there would never be a situation where season is uninitialized. Changing the else to an else if also gave me the same error as in the switch statement. So I now realize my problem was with when the variable is (or isn't) being given a value.
      – jkofskie
      4 hours ago




      @DrZoo You're completely right. I did that out of laziness because I knew I would never set the month value out of range, but that also meant that there would never be a situation where season is uninitialized. Changing the else to an else if also gave me the same error as in the switch statement. So I now realize my problem was with when the variable is (or isn't) being given a value.
      – jkofskie
      4 hours ago













      3














      In your first example, there is no path through the code that fails to assign a value to 'season'. In the second example, the default case does not assign a value, so the last print ("May is...") can be executed with an uninitialized value.






      share|improve this answer





















      • Yeah, for some reason I subconsciously assumed that would only be an issue if the value for month was actually out of the defined range, but I forgot Java doesn't work like that.
        – jkofskie
        3 hours ago
















      3














      In your first example, there is no path through the code that fails to assign a value to 'season'. In the second example, the default case does not assign a value, so the last print ("May is...") can be executed with an uninitialized value.






      share|improve this answer





















      • Yeah, for some reason I subconsciously assumed that would only be an issue if the value for month was actually out of the defined range, but I forgot Java doesn't work like that.
        – jkofskie
        3 hours ago














      3












      3








      3






      In your first example, there is no path through the code that fails to assign a value to 'season'. In the second example, the default case does not assign a value, so the last print ("May is...") can be executed with an uninitialized value.






      share|improve this answer












      In your first example, there is no path through the code that fails to assign a value to 'season'. In the second example, the default case does not assign a value, so the last print ("May is...") can be executed with an uninitialized value.







      share|improve this answer












      share|improve this answer



      share|improve this answer










      answered 4 hours ago









      another-dave

      4445




      4445












      • Yeah, for some reason I subconsciously assumed that would only be an issue if the value for month was actually out of the defined range, but I forgot Java doesn't work like that.
        – jkofskie
        3 hours ago


















      • Yeah, for some reason I subconsciously assumed that would only be an issue if the value for month was actually out of the defined range, but I forgot Java doesn't work like that.
        – jkofskie
        3 hours ago
















      Yeah, for some reason I subconsciously assumed that would only be an issue if the value for month was actually out of the defined range, but I forgot Java doesn't work like that.
      – jkofskie
      3 hours ago




      Yeah, for some reason I subconsciously assumed that would only be an issue if the value for month was actually out of the defined range, but I forgot Java doesn't work like that.
      – jkofskie
      3 hours ago











      1














      In your if/else code, there is an assurance that the variable season will get a value. That is, the else statement.



      Your switch code does not have it. Look what will happen to the variable season if the given value for month is 13 -- it will not get a value, and will remain un-initialised.






      share|improve this answer


























        1














        In your if/else code, there is an assurance that the variable season will get a value. That is, the else statement.



        Your switch code does not have it. Look what will happen to the variable season if the given value for month is 13 -- it will not get a value, and will remain un-initialised.






        share|improve this answer
























          1












          1








          1






          In your if/else code, there is an assurance that the variable season will get a value. That is, the else statement.



          Your switch code does not have it. Look what will happen to the variable season if the given value for month is 13 -- it will not get a value, and will remain un-initialised.






          share|improve this answer












          In your if/else code, there is an assurance that the variable season will get a value. That is, the else statement.



          Your switch code does not have it. Look what will happen to the variable season if the given value for month is 13 -- it will not get a value, and will remain un-initialised.







          share|improve this answer












          share|improve this answer



          share|improve this answer










          answered 4 hours ago









          KaNa0011

          140110




          140110























              0














              You should use this



              public class Switch {
              public static void main(String args) {
              int month = 5;
              String season;
              // HAS to be initialized, currently causes error
              switch(month) {
              case 12:
              case 1:
              case 2:
              season = "Winter";
              break;
              case 3:
              case 4:
              case 5:
              season = "Spring";
              break;
              case 6 :
              case 7 :
              case 8 :
              season = "Summer";
              break;
              case 9 :
              case 10 :
              case 11 :
              season = "Fall";
              break;

              default:
              season = "Invalid";
              break;
              }
              System.out.println("May is a " + season + " month");
              } // produces an error if season isn't initialized to null or ""
              }





              share|improve this answer








              New contributor




              Alperen Gezgin is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
              Check out our Code of Conduct.























                0














                You should use this



                public class Switch {
                public static void main(String args) {
                int month = 5;
                String season;
                // HAS to be initialized, currently causes error
                switch(month) {
                case 12:
                case 1:
                case 2:
                season = "Winter";
                break;
                case 3:
                case 4:
                case 5:
                season = "Spring";
                break;
                case 6 :
                case 7 :
                case 8 :
                season = "Summer";
                break;
                case 9 :
                case 10 :
                case 11 :
                season = "Fall";
                break;

                default:
                season = "Invalid";
                break;
                }
                System.out.println("May is a " + season + " month");
                } // produces an error if season isn't initialized to null or ""
                }





                share|improve this answer








                New contributor




                Alperen Gezgin is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
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                  0












                  0








                  0






                  You should use this



                  public class Switch {
                  public static void main(String args) {
                  int month = 5;
                  String season;
                  // HAS to be initialized, currently causes error
                  switch(month) {
                  case 12:
                  case 1:
                  case 2:
                  season = "Winter";
                  break;
                  case 3:
                  case 4:
                  case 5:
                  season = "Spring";
                  break;
                  case 6 :
                  case 7 :
                  case 8 :
                  season = "Summer";
                  break;
                  case 9 :
                  case 10 :
                  case 11 :
                  season = "Fall";
                  break;

                  default:
                  season = "Invalid";
                  break;
                  }
                  System.out.println("May is a " + season + " month");
                  } // produces an error if season isn't initialized to null or ""
                  }





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                  You should use this



                  public class Switch {
                  public static void main(String args) {
                  int month = 5;
                  String season;
                  // HAS to be initialized, currently causes error
                  switch(month) {
                  case 12:
                  case 1:
                  case 2:
                  season = "Winter";
                  break;
                  case 3:
                  case 4:
                  case 5:
                  season = "Spring";
                  break;
                  case 6 :
                  case 7 :
                  case 8 :
                  season = "Summer";
                  break;
                  case 9 :
                  case 10 :
                  case 11 :
                  season = "Fall";
                  break;

                  default:
                  season = "Invalid";
                  break;
                  }
                  System.out.println("May is a " + season + " month");
                  } // produces an error if season isn't initialized to null or ""
                  }






                  share|improve this answer








                  New contributor




                  Alperen Gezgin is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                  Check out our Code of Conduct.









                  share|improve this answer



                  share|improve this answer






                  New contributor




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                  answered 4 hours ago









                  Alperen Gezgin

                  11




                  11




                  New contributor




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                  New contributor





                  Alperen Gezgin is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                  Check out our Code of Conduct.






                  Alperen Gezgin is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                  Check out our Code of Conduct.






















                      jkofskie is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.










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